How this is calculated
Interest compounds monthly: each month the balance earns one-twelfth of the annual return, then your contribution is added.
balancem+1 = balancem × (1 + r/12) + contribution
The chart splits the result into two honest layers: money you put in, and money the money made. Early on, contributions dominate. Given enough years the growth layer overtakes them — that crossover is the whole argument for starting early.
Choosing a return
Nobody knows future returns. A common planning range for diversified stock portfolios is 5–8% after inflation; savings accounts track prevailing rates. Try a pessimistic and an optimistic number and plan between them.
Notes
Returns are assumed steady, which real markets never are, and taxes and fees are ignored — both drag on the result. Treat this as a planning envelope, not a forecast.